To improve the workshop environment of textile mill and enhance the automatic control level on the environment, an intelligent environment measuring and controlling system of textile workshop based on Internet of Things (IoT) was proposed. The overall design scheme of the system was given. In order to reduce traffic loads of sink nodes and improve the data transmission rate of network, the wireless network topology structure of single-hop multi-sink nodes was designed. The concrete implementation scheme of hardware design and software work process of sensing nodes, controlling nodes and other nodes were represented detailedly. The improved Newton interpolation algorithm was used as the fitting function to process the detection data, which improved the precision of detection and control of system. The application results show that the system is simple, stable and reliable, low in cost, easy to maintain and upgrade, and obtains good application effect.